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| Description | A woody evergreen vine or ground cover. Has escaped and become an invasive weed. |
|---|---|
| Plant Type | All Plants, Groundcovers and vines |
| Hardiness Zone | 5 |
| Sunlight | grows best in shade or half day of light (morning) |
| Moisture | prefers moist tolerates average to dry once established |
| Soil & Site | tolerates a wide range, prefers moist, rich well drained slightly acidic |
| Flowers | Only occurs on mature plants, not showy pale green in September. |
| Fruit | black to dark-purplish berry like fruit |
| Leaves | glossy green, paler on underside, whitish veins, 3-5 lobes. Has both a juvenile and mature forms. |
| Stems | vine |
| Roots | fiboris, adventitious roots can occur at nodes, used to attach to strutures |
| Dimensions | can reach up to 100 feet in length |
| Maintenance | pruning to maintain size, can be rejuvenated by hard pruning |
| Propagation | cuttings of juvenile form |
| Native Site | Native to Europe and Western Asia |
| Author's Notes | I though this plant was an invasive species in areas warmer than zone #5. But I did find some in my area growing in the woods. This may or may not just be an isolated incident. |
| Notes & Reference | #62-Manual of Climbers and Wall Plants (Burras, Griffiths), #68-Groundcovers for the Midwest (Voight, Hamilton,Giles)) |
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